In principle, the responsible economic operator in the EU is responsible. However, this may change depending on the life cycle stage of the product. For batteries, for example, it is initially the importer and later, if applicable, the reprocessor. Since the DPP is designed for different legislations, there is no general answer to this question.

Hi Philip, I guess that is still one of the key open questions around the DPP. In principle, the economic operator placing the product on the EU market will be responsible for creating the Digital Product Passport. But in practice, that requires input from across the value chain: suppliers provide data, manufacturers compile and validate it, and updates may be needed at different life cycle stages (e.g. repair, reuse, recycling). Would be great to hear some thoughts from the community, what do you think?